Study about Breast Cancer in North-Central Nigeria: X-raying the Challenges to Good Management Outcome

Background: Breast cancer is a severe health problem that affects people all over the world. In underdeveloped nations, outcome indices have remained dismal despite the fact that breast cancer is now the most common cancer in women and the primary cause of cancer deaths in women in our environment.

Aims: The aim of this study was to ascertain the major challenges to good management outcome of breast cancer patients in our centre.

Methods: The case notes of all histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer presenting to our centre from January 2016 to December 2017 were reviewed. Information on the variables of interest were extracted using a proforma.

Results: Fifty-five (55) patients’ case notes were reviewed. All were females. 30.9% of the patients had early disease versus 67.3% with advanced disease. 76.4% had invasive ductal carcinoma. More lesions occurred on the left and the upper outer quadrants. 46% of the 37 patients with advanced disease who required chemotherapy completed the prescribed six courses. None of the patients who required radiotherapy received it. Only 1.8% of those who required hormonal therapy were still taking them at two years follow-up. 3.6%, 11%, and 0% used alcohol, oral contraceptives and tobacco respectively. 81.8% had been lost to follow-up at two years while 14.5% had died while on admission.

Conclusions: This study identified late presentation with advanced disease; poor compliance and adherence to treatment strategies, and poor access to adjuvant therapy as the major challenges to good outcome for this disease.