Evaluation of Intraoperative Iatrogenic Lesions and Postoperative Complications in 1140 Patients Treated for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in the Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department of the Moulins-Yzeure Hospital Center in France

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a more common form of upper limb canal syndrome, resulting from compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, but is particularly troublesome. Medical treatment is often unsuccessful, and surgical treatment usually involves transection of the annular ligament. The aim of this study was to assess iatrogenic intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as patient outcomes following the use of conventional and endoscopic surgery in the surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome. Hypothesis: Are nerve, vascular and tendon injuries of iatrogenic origin always present in the surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome, even though this surgery is performed on an outpatient basis? Patients and methods: This retrospective series is composed of 1140 patients, 230 men and 910 women, mean age 58.6 ± 16.4 years, operated on between 2010 and 2020 for carpal tunnel syndrome by conventional surgery and under endoscopy. Medical records, operative reports and consultation letters were consulted. All patients were reviewed regularly at one month post-op until recovery. Results: No nerve, vascular or tendon damage was noted, and at a maximum follow-up of 2 years, 20 patients had recurred, i.e. a 2.51% failure rate. Scar disunion was observed in 0.9%, wound infection in 0.9% and scar fibrosis in 0.9%. 92.98% of patients underwent outpatient surgery, irrespective of the type of anesthesia or surgical technique used. Patients who stayed in hospital for a short time were suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome associated with compression of the ulnar nerve in Guyon’s canal, for which both the median and ulnar nerves were freed during the same operation, under general anaesthetic. All patients were able to return to their previous activity within 30 days of surgery. Conclusion: Intraoperative iatrogenic complications, notably nerve, vascular and tendon lesions, were not identified despite the large sample size. On the other hand, postoperative skin complications related to scarring, such as wound disunion, fibrosis and recurrence, were present despite low rates.