Effect of Pre-Existing Chronic Medical Conditions on Clinical Features and Disease Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Jordanian Children

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged unexpectedly, impacting millions worldwide and, though waning in many regions, remains a significant concern. This study focused on understanding COVID-19’s clinical presentation, disease progression, and outcomes among hospitalized pediatric patients. Additionally, it sought to investigate the impact of concurrent chronic medical conditions on disease severity. Methods: Conducted retrospectively between September 2020 and December 2021, this study observed pediatric patients (below 18 years) hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 at an Irbid, Jordan tertiary healthcare center. Patients meeting inclusion criteria, including a positive nasal swab PCR test and hospitalization need, were analyzed. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected and segregated into two groups (A and B) based on the presence of chronic conditions. Comparative analysis encompassed presentation, disease trajectory, and outcomes between these groups. Results: Among 451 tested positive patients, 112 were included in the study. Significant differences emerged between the two pediatric groups hospitalized for COVID-19. Those with concurrent chronic illnesses exhibited heightened symptom severity—fever, dyspnea, fatigue—and a higher incidence of abnormal chest radiographs, often requiring intensive care and experiencing elevated mortality rates. Conclusion: This study underscores the criticality of prioritizing COVID-19 management strategies for pediatric patients with pre-existing chronic medical conditions. The findings highlight the increased vulnerability and poorer outcomes experienced by this subgroup, emphasizing the necessity for tailored interventions and focused care approaches.